The site began around 1605 as a small Chinese-style chapel beside Matteo Ricci's residence. A new church was built from 1650, with Johann Adam Schall von Bell leading the project. It was enlarged from 1703 and destroyed by an earthquake in 1720. A Baroque cruciform building measuring 86 by 45 meters (282 by 148 ft) replaced it. The government confiscated it in 1838, and it reopened in 1860 under Bishop Joseph Martial Mouly.
Boxers razed it on June 14, 1900. The present building was completed in 1904, the fourth church on the site, in Baroque style. The article names no architect or materials.
It was closed for renovations in December 2018 and reopened in July 2022. It is a church of the Archdiocese of Beijing.
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