The painter Viktor Vasnetsov designed the facade in what the article calls a peculiar Russian fairy-tale style. The architect V. Bashkirov worked from his drawings in 1900 to 1903, and A. M. Kalmykov managed construction. The facade was built in 1902 to 1904. The main building also received additions in 1873, 1882, 1885, 1892 and 1902 to 1904.
Later buildings include the two-floor Schusevsky building of 1936 on the north side and the Corps of Engineers of 1989 on the south, named for its engineering systems. A. L. Bernstein designed an administrative building, built from 1985 to 1994, equal in height to the exposition halls. The building on Krymsky Val merged with the gallery in 1985.
The gallery holds more than 130,000 exhibits. It had 894,374 visitors in 2020, down 68 percent from 2019, and ranked 13th among art museums worldwide that year.
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