The founding is usually attributed to David I around 1124, though the infobox says probably 12th century. The current Gothic church was begun in the 14th century, with the nave and crossing built by 1387. The crown steeple is dated by dendrochronology to 1460 to 1467, has eight buttresses, and is one of two surviving medieval crown steeples in Scotland.
The cathedral is 196 feet (60 m) long and 125 feet (38 m) wide. William Burn restored the exterior in grey sandstone ashlar from 1829 to 1833, and William Hay carried out a restoration from 1872 to 1883 proposed by William Chambers. Robert Lorimer's Thistle Chapel, built from 1909 to 1911, was opened by George V.
Charles I made the church a cathedral in 1633, although it has had no bishop since 1689. The article gives over a million visitors in 2018 in one passage and over 1.3 million in another.
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