The Confraternita della Santissima Trinità de' Pellegrini e de' Convalescenti built this church in Rome. The group began in 1540 around the lay followers of Filippo Neri, and in 1575 it hosted more than 180,000 pilgrims during the Jubilee. The old church was razed, the first stone of the present one was laid on February 26, 1587, and it was consecrated on June 12, 1616. Martino Longhi the Elder and Giovanni Paolo Maggi designed the transept and altar, and Giovanni Battista Contini designed the cupola in 1612.
The Latin cross plan has eight chapels. Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi commissioned Guido Reni's Trinity altarpiece in 1625. In 1722 Giovanni Battista de' Rossi, a Piedmontese merchant, commissioned the late-Baroque facade, which Giuseppe Sardi built.
Since 2008 the Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter has run it as a personal parish for the Latin Mass.

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