The article says a 2nd-century house, perhaps built under Pope Pius I, reused part of a Roman bath. It became a basilica in the 4th century under Pope Siricius. A Romanesque campanile followed in the early 13th century. Francesco da Volterra restored it and added the dome, dated 1388 in the text and 1588 in the infobox. The 1588 date fits Cardinal Enrico Caetani, who ordered the work.
The late 4th-century apse mosaic shows Christ enthroned, and scholars date it to Siricius or Innocent I. It was heavily restored in the 16th century. The facade was renewed in 1870. The entrance lies below street level.
It is a minor basilica and a titular church, and the national church for the Philippines. A renovation is scheduled to finish in 2027.
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