Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer drew the plans for the present church, which was built from 1730 to 1736 as the Church of St. Charles Borromeo. It became the Orthodox Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius in 1935 and is now the principal church of the Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church. The article calls the style Czech Baroque and names no client.
A church of Saints Peter and Paul stood on the site from 1115, near the Zderaz monastery of the Knights of the Cross. The Hussite Wars largely destroyed it, and only part of the choir survived. The article gives no dimensions or materials.
On June 18, 1942, Waffen-SS forces stormed the cathedral. After a gun battle, two Czechoslovak agents were killed and the others died by suicide. A museum in the crypt commemorates the agents.
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