The Humiliati order erected the church in the mid-14th century, and Tiberio da Parma directed its construction. It was restored in 1399 with funds from the Maggior Consiglio, and officially named Madonna dell'Orto in 1414. The facade was built from 1460 to 1464, with sculptural decoration by Nicolò di Giovanni Fiorentino and Antonio Rizzo. The bell tower was finished in 1503. The style is Venetian Gothic, in brick, with white stone decoration and a porphyry tympanum.
An Austrian-era restoration in 1841 was described as poor, and work continued until 1869. After the 1966 flood the side aisles were re-roofed and the brickwork replaced. Tintoretto's apse paintings are dated 1562 to 1564.
The Congregation of San Giuseppe has been assigned it since 1931. It is an active parish church.

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