Berwick Castle, a ruined motte-and-bailey castle in Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, was commissioned by King David I of Scotland in the 1120s. English forces took it under the Treaty of Falaise in 1175, and Richard I sold it back to Scotland around 1190 to fund the Third Crusade. In November 1292, Edward I's representatives announced his decision in favor of John Balliol in its great hall.
Edward I's forces retook it in March 1296, Robert the Bruce's forces recovered it in April 1318, and Richard, Duke of Gloucester captured it in August 1482, after which it passed permanently to England.
Modern ramparts built under Elizabeth I made it obsolete. In 1847 the Great Hall was demolished to make way for the railway station. Ruins of the Constable Tower and fragments of walls survive, and English Heritage owns the site.
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