The founding date is unknown, but documents suggest the synagogue predates 882. It was destroyed around 1012 under al-Hakim and rebuilt about 1025 to 1040 in brick and timber. A fire in the 15th century damaged the bimah. The current building dates from a complete rebuilding between 1889 and 1892. The article names no architect or style. It measures 56 feet by 37 feet (17 by 11.3 m).
The synagogue is known for its carved wood Torah ark door, which radiocarbon dating places in the 11th century, though its carving style suggests the 15th. A ten-year renovation was inaugurated on August 31, 2023, by Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly.
The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities administers it as a tourist site and Jewish museum. It is no longer an active congregation.
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